Shared services are nothing new. The sector has been collaborating to deliver services for mutual benefit for a very long time. Some of those services, such as JISC and the JANET network, are the envy of the world. Others, such as the system of inter-library loans, tend to be types of collaboration that are taken for granted and have never been branded 'shared services' as such. The following case studies were funded by the JISC Flexible Service Delivery programme and helped to shape guidance on shared services which is available as part of the 'Improving Organisational Efficiency' infoKit.